The case study cities
rise. In March 2020, the then-chancellor Angela Merkel appealed to the population to avoid social contact and stay home as far as possible. During the first lockdown, schools and non-essential businesses [...] beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal government issued general guidelines, such as international travel restrictions and social isolation measures, through the Ministry of Health. However, the [...] businesses, and a ban on alcohol and tobacco sales. Additionally, the government implemented widespread contact tracing efforts to identify and isolate infected individuals. Schools, offices, and non-essential …